This is not intended to be an exhaustive list of git operations. See the documentation for that.
Basic Operations
Configure your global git settings
Running these commands will setup your global git settings. You should obviously use your own contact details. Should you wish to change your details, you can edit the '~/.gitconfig' file for global settings, or edit '.git/config' to change settings on a particular repo.
git-config --global user.name "John Q. Public"
git-config --global user.email "john.public@example.com"
git-config --global color.diff auto
git-config --global color.status auto
git-config --global color.branch auto
Initialize a new repo
mkdir repo && cd repo && git init
Developer Operations
Create a new local branch
git checkout -b <branch>
Push and create a new remote branch from an existing local branch of the same name
git push origin <branch>
Switch to a branch that was pushed remotely
Use:
git branch -a
to determine the name of the remote branch you want to work on. Remote branches will be preceded by origin/. Then use this to switch to it:
git checkout -b <branch> origin/<branch>
Maintainer Operations
Apply mailed git patch
git am <file>