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<!--Several places in this guide mention things like the "Places" menu which, as I understand it, are only present in GNOME.  We need to add KDE options in the future (although for now simply talking about the desktop icon is sufficient for KDE users, I guess) -->
This chapter covers how to use media such as hard drives, DVDs, CDs, and flash drives in Fedora.


== Media Basics ==
When you connect a ''medium,'' such as a CD, DVD, hard drive, or flash drive to your computer, Fedora automatically recognizes it and makes it available for use. This process is called ''mounting'' the drive. An icon is placed on your desktop and in the ''Places'' menu in '''GNOME'''.  On the '''KDE''' desktop, an icon is placed in the bottom panel next to the ''workspace switcher''. Additionally, the medium's icon is placed to the left of the ''file display window'' in ''Kickoff Application Launcher > File Manager''.


You should ''unmount'' a medium before physically removing it from your computer. To do this in '''GNOME''', right-click on the device's icon and  select ''Unmount Volume'' or ''Eject'', depending on what type of media you are using. During this process any remaining changes to the data on the media is ''written'' to the device, allowing for its safe removal without data loss. Removing the medium without first unmounting could cause data to be corrupted; if this is the case, you will not be able to recover your data in the future.<!--How do you do this in KDE??-->


== Understanding ==
There are several multimedia applications available for the Fedora desktop.  These applications will run in most desktop environments, including '''GNOME''' and '''KDE'''.  To install the software packages listed on this page which not already installed on your computer, please read [[User Guide - Managing Software|the chapter on managing software]].  You can install applications by either [[User Guide - Managing Software#Installing Software|using the PackageKit application]] or on the command line by [[User Guide - Managing Software#Installing Software 2|using Yum]].


When you insert or connect a ''medium'' - such as a CD, DVD, hard drive, or flash drive - to your computer, Fedora automatically recognizes and makes it available for use; an icon is placed both on your desktop and in the ''Places'' menu in GNOME.
To begin, make sure there is sufficient free space available on the USB media. There is no need to repartition or reformat your media. It is always a good idea to back up important data before performing sensitive disk operations.


{{Admon/note | Mounting Media as Volumes | When Fedora detects that a new medium has been inserted or connected, it ''mounts'' it as a ''volume''. The hard drive that Fedora is installed on is mounted by default during start-up and cannot be ejected, or unmounted, like other volumes.}}
== ISO Image ==
An '''ISO image''' is an archive file, also known as a ''disk image'' of an ''optical disc,'' in a format defined by the ''International Organization for Standardization <code>(ISO)</code>''. <code>Iso</code> image files typically have an <code>.iso</code> extension.  The name ''<code>iso</code>'' is taken from the ''<code>ISO</code> 9660 file system'' used with CD-ROM media, but an <code>iso</code> image can also contain ''Universal Disk Format (UDF)'' file system because ''UDF'' is backward-compatible with <code>ISO</code> 9660.
an <code>ISO</code> image includes all the data of files contained on the archived CD/DVD. They are stored in an uncompressed format.  


When you are finished using your media, you must ''unmount'' the medium before removing it from the computer.  To do this, right-click on the device's icon and then select ''Unmount Volume'' or ''Eject'', depending on what type of media you are using; during this process any remaining changes to the data on the media is ''written'' to the device, allowing safe removal without data loss. Removing the medium without unmounting it first could cause data to be corrupted; if this is the case, you will not be able to get your data back in the future.
In addition to data of the files it also contains all the file system ''metadata'', including ''boot code, structures,'' and ''attributes.'' '''ISO''' images do not support ''multi-track'', thus they cannot be used for audio CDs, VCD, and hybrid audio CDs.
 
There are several multi-media applications available for '''GNOME''' and '''KDE''' desktops.  Remember these applications will run on any Fedora desktop environment. 
 
== Exploring Media ==
 
<!-- Applications in F10 - Need to add these to UG:
 
########### Installed by default #############
CD/DVD Creator - Burner - GNOME
Movie Player - Totem - GNOME
Audio CD Extractor (Sound Juicer) CD Ripper - Both
Juk - JukeBox, tagger, collection Mgr - Both
Kaffeine - player - both
KSCD - Simple CD player - Both
Rhythm - CD player & Internet Radio - both
Sound Recorder - Both
Amarok - CD player & Collection Mgr - Both
 
######### In Repository ###############
Brasero - CD/DVD Burner - GNOME
Asunder _ CD Ripper - KDE
Audacity - Audio Editor - KDE
-->
=== GNOME Media Applications ===
<!-- Once installed, all office tools are available from the ''Applications > Sound and Video'' menu except for '''CD/DVD Creator''' is opened by going to the top menu bar and selecting ''Places > CD/DVD Creator''. -->
 
The programs installed on the '''GNOME''' desktop at default are:
 
[[Image:Cd-dvd-creator.png]] '''CD/DVD Creator''', a CD and DVD burner.  Go to ''Places > CD/DVD Creator'' to open the application.
 
[[Image:Cheese.png]]  '''Cheese Webcam Booth''' takes photos and videos with your webcam,
 
[[Image:Docs_Drafts_DesktopUserGuide_Media_k3b.png]]: '''K3B''' is a CD burner and DVD creator. Select ''Applications > Sound and Video > K3B''.
 
[[Image:Rhythmbox.png]]  '''Rhythm Box''' plays CDs and is a music collection manager,
 
[[Image:Sound-juicer2.png]]  '''Sound Juicer''', the CD ripping tool,
 
[[Image:Gnome-sound-recorder.png]]  '''Sound Recorder''' are installed on both GNOME and KDE desktops by default.
 
[[Image:Totem.png]]  '''Totem''' movie player that plays DVDs, CDs, and VCDs, and
 
=== GNOME Programs in the Repository ===
 
[[Image:Brasero.png]]  '''Brasero''', a CD/DVD player and burner
 
'''GNOMEBaker''' another CD/DVD player and burner
 
A couple of programs not installed by default, but are in the repository, are , and '' for the '''GNOME''' desktop.  For '''KDE''' desktop '''Asunder''', a CD ripper and '''Audacity''' which is an audio editor, are available to install.
 
* To install  packages please, read [[User Guide - Managing Software|the chapter on managing software]].  You can install applications by either [[User Guide - Managing Software#Installing Software|using the PackageKit application]] or on the command line by [[User Guide - Managing Software#Installing Software 2|using Yum]].
 
=== KDE Media Applications ===
 
The applications installed on the '''KDE''' desktop at installation are:
 
[[Image:Amarok.png]] '''Amarok''' which is a CD player and collection manager,
 
[[Image:Cheese.png]]  '''Cheese Webcam Booth''' takes photos and videos with your webcam,
 
[[Image:Dragonplayer.png]]  '''Dragon Player''' is a video player.
 
[[Image:Juk.png]]  '''Juk''' is a music player,
 
[[Image:Kaffeine.png]]'''Kaffeine''' plays DVDs,
 
[[Image:Kmix.png]]  '''KMix''', as sound mixer,
 
[[Image:KsCD.png]]'''KsCD''' is a simple CD player, and
 
[[Image:Rhythmbox.png]]  '''Rythym Box''' plays CDs and is a music collection manager,  
 
[[Image:Kdesoundjuicer.png]]  '''Sound Juicer''', the CD ripping tool,  
 
[[Image:Gnome-sound-recorder.png]]  '''Sound Recorder''' are installed on both GNOME and KDE desktops by default.
 
[[Image:Totem.png]]  '''Totem''' movie player that plays DVDs, CDs, and VCDs, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
To view the contents of a volume, double-click its icon on the desktop, or choose the volume name from the ''Places'' menu in GNOME.  You should see all the files and folders contained in that volume in a Nautilus (GNOME) or Dolphin (KDE) file browser window.
 
Files on the volume can be opened with a double-click; further actions can be performed by right-clicking a file and selecting from the ''context menu''.


== Writing CDs or DVDs ==
== Writing CDs or DVDs ==
Fedora includes support for writing to CDs and DVDs. This means that you can permanently ''burn'' files to the CD/DVD for backup, file transport, or any other reason.   
Fedora includes support for writing to CDs and DVDs. This means that you can permanently ''burn'' files to the CD/DVD for backup, file transport, or any other reason.   
{{Admon/note | Required Hardware | Not all optical drives (CD or DVD drives) are equipped to burn new media. An easy way to check whether that you can burn optical media is to look at the front of your disc drive. It should indicate the drive's capabilities. You can also look up the model of your drive online. An even easier way is to simply try burning a disc; chances are, if you can't select the option for burning discs, it's not a problem with Fedora; your drive simply does not support this operation. }}
{{Admon/note | Required Hardware | Not all optical drives (CD or DVD drives) are equipped to burn new media. An easy way to check whether that you can burn optical media is to look at the front of your disc drive. It should indicate the drive's capabilities. You can also look up the model of your drive online. An even easier way is to simply try burning a disc; chances are, if you can't select the option for burning discs, it's not a problem with Fedora; your drive simply does not support this operation. }}
To write to a CD or DVD:


=== Using Nautilus to Burn Media in GNOME ===
=== Using '''CD/DVD Creator''' to Burn Media in GNOME ===


# Open a '''Nautilus''' window, by double-clicking ''Home'' or ''Computer'' ('''Nautilus''' is the graphical file manager).
[[Image:Cd-dvd-creator.png]] '''CD/DVD Creator''' burns CDs and DVDs.
# Select ''Places > CD/DVD Creator''.
# Use the initial '''Nautilus''' window to navigate to the files you wish to burn, then drag and drop them into the empty ''CD/DVD Creator'' window.
# Click ''Write to Disc'' in the ''CD/DVD Creator'' window.
# In the dialog box, you can change the name of the disc and the write speed if they are incorrect.  It is probably safe to leave the default options for the write speed.
# Click ''Write''.


=== Using K3b to Burn Media in KDE ===
# To open Select ''Places > CD/DVD Creator''.


'''K3b''' is not installed by default from the Live-CD or the DVD. If you do not have access to the Internet, you can use the Fedora DVD to install '''K3b'''. The '''Add/Remove Software''' utility offers a graphical installation interface for new users.  
'''To create a data disc:'''
* Drag the files and folders, that you want to write to CD or DVD, to  the '''CD/DVD Creator''' folder.
* Insert a writeable CD or DVD into your writer device. Doing this step first usually opens the ''CD/DVD Creator'' automatically.  If not, you can configure the ''CD/DVD Creator'' to open automatically by going to ''System > Preferences > Hardware > Multimedia Systems Selector > ''and on the ''Audio'' and ''Video'' tabs select ''Autodetect'' from the drop-down menu.
* Click the '''''[Write to Disc]''''' button, or choose ''File > Write to CD/DVD.''
:* Here you can choose write to your ''CD/DVD'' or to a ''File Image''. An image file ('''ISO''') is a normal file that will be saved to your computer and you can write to a CD later.  
::* To write a '''''disc image''''' to a CD/DVD, right-click on the '''''Disc Image File''''', then choose ''Open with '''CD/DVD Creator''''' from the popup menu. When you burn a a ''disc image'' the ''Disc name'' and ''Write speed'' are not available.
:* If you are copying regular data you can type a name for your CD/DVD in the ''Disc name'' window and select a ''Write speed'' from the drop-down under ''Write Options''.  You will also see the size of your data that will be written to the disc.
* Press the '''''[Write]''''' button to burn your data to the CD/DVD.
'''To make a copy of a CD or DVD:'''
* Insert the disc you want to copy.
* Choose ''Places  > '''CD/DVD Creator''''' from the top panel menu bar.
* Right-click on the ''CD'' icon, and choose ''Copy Disc.''
* Follow the ''Write to Disc'' dialogue as above.


Here is how to install '''K3b''' using '''Add/Remove Software''' in the Gnome Desktop Environment.
If you have only one write drive the program will first create a file on your computer. The original disk will be ejected, and ask you to change it for a blank disk to copy on.


Click ''System > Administration > Add/Remove Software''. This will open the '''Add/Remove Software''' application.
The ''Help'' manual can be accessed by pressing the '''[F1]''' key or clicking ''Help > Contents'' on the top menu bar.
In the '''[Search Box]''' with the binoculars icon, type:
<pre>k3b
</pre>
 
Next, click the '''[Find]''' button. The message "Querying" appears in the lower left corner.
 
Tick the box next to K3b. The message "Downloading repository information" appears in the lower left corner. The window area below the list of packages contains additional information about '''K3b'''.
Select any additional packages to install or remove at this time by changing tick boxes next to the package name.
 
Finally, click the '''[Apply]''' button. This starts the '''K3b''' installation process and concurrently installs or removes any additional packages where you modified the tick box. Follow any prompts to install additional packages.
 
 
'''K3b''' is now installed on your computer.
 
 
Another way to install the '''K3b''' application is to use the command line.
 
Click ''Applications > System Tools> Terminal'' to open the command line.
 
Type: 
 
<pre>su -c 'yum install k3b'
</pre>
 
You will be prompted for the computer's root password. Type in the root password and press 'Enter'. You will not see the password as you type. The terminal will start giving information about the application, and end with <code>Is this ok [y/N]:</code>.
 
Type: <pre> y</pre>
 
The terminal downloads the necessary files and completes the installation of '''K3b'''.
 
 
 
After you install '''K3b''' using one of the methods described above, launch the program by clicking ''Applications > Sound and Video > K3b''.
 
{| border="1"
|-
|[[Image:Docs_Drafts_DesktopUserGuide_Media_k3b.png]]||This is the default icon associated with '''K3b'''.
|}


=== Using K3b to Burn Media in KDE ===


In K3b there are ''action buttons'' at the bottom of the window:
[[Image:Docs_Drafts_DesktopUserGuide_Media_k3b.png]] '''K3b''' is not installed by default from the Live-CD or the DVD. If you do not have access to the Internet, you can use the Fedora DVD to install '''K3b'''.
 
After you install '''K3b''', using one of the methods described above, launch the program by clicking the ''Kickoff Application Launcher > Applications > Multimedia > '''K3b'''.''
When the application opens the ''action buttons'' are displayed at the bottom of the window:
{|
{|
|-
|-
Line 179: Line 60:
|[[Image:Docs_Drafts_DesktopUserGuide_Media_k3bcopycd.png]]||To ''Copy a CD''
|[[Image:Docs_Drafts_DesktopUserGuide_Media_k3bcopycd.png]]||To ''Copy a CD''
|}
|}
{{Admon/note | Adding Files | To add files to your '''K3b''' project, drag the files into the project pane at the bottom of the screen.  Everything in this project pane will be burned to your optical medium. }}
{{Admon/note | Adding Files | To add files to your '''K3b''' project, drag the files into the project pane at the bottom of the screen.  Everything in this project pane will be burned to your optical medium. }}
* When you are ready to burn the files or folders to disk click the '''[Burn]''' button.
* To burn an ISO image file, use the ''Tools > Burn DVD <code>ISO</code> Image''. 
* Navigate to and select the <code>.iso</code> image, then click the '''[Start]''' button.


When you are ready to burn the files or folders to disk click the ''Burn'' button.
=== Using GnomeBaker in Gnome ===
[[Image:Docs_Drafts_DesktopUserGuide_Media_gnomebaker-48.png‎]] '''GnomeBaker''' is not installed by default from the Live-CD or the DVD. If you do not have access to the Internet, you can use the Fedora DVD to install '''GnomeBaker'''.
Launch the program by clicking  ''Applications > Sound and Video > GnomeBaker''.


To burn an ISO image file such as the Fedora 8 DVD installation image, use the ''Tools > Burn DVD ISO Image''.  Navigate to and select the <code>.iso</code> image, then click the ''Start'' button.
{| border="1"
|-
|}
In '''GnomeBaker''' there are three primary 3 buttons in the bottom pane of the programs window:
{|
|-
|[[Image:Docs_Drafts_DesktopUserGuide_Media_gnomebaker-data-dvd.png]]||'''Data DVD''' Use this to burn files and folders to a DVD .
|-
|[[Image:Docs_Drafts_DesktopUserGuide_Media_gnomebaker-data-cd.png]]||'''Data CD''' Use this to burn files and folders to a CD.
|-
|[[Image:Docs_Drafts_DesktopUserGuide_Media_gnomebaker-audio-cd.png]]||'''Audio CD''' Use this to create an audio CD.
|}
* To burn a specific file to a CD, or DVD, click the '''Data CD''', or '''Data DVD''', action button, and then drag and drop the files, or entire folders, from the top pane into the bottom pane. You can also highlight the files, or folders, and click the '''[+Add]''' button to add them to the window. 
* To burn an ''ISO image'' file select ''Tools > Burn DVD Image'' from the top menu.   
:* If the <code>.iso</code> file is for a CD, choose ''Burn CD Image''. 
:* Navigate to the image, select it, and click the ''OK'' button. 
:* Click the '''''[Start]''''' button in the next window to confirm burning your disc image.
* Follow these steps to create an '''Audio CD'''.


=== Using GnomeBaker in Gnome ===
== Making USB Media ==
'''GnomeBaker''' is not installed by default from the Live-CD or the DVD. If you do not have access to the Internet, you can use the Fedora DVD to install '''GnomeBaker'''. The '''Add/Remove Software''' utility offers a graphical installation interface for new users.  
A Live image <code>(.iso)</code> can be used in either a Windows or Linux system to make bootable USB media.
{{Admon/note | USB Image Writing is ''Non-destructive'' | Any existing data on the media is not harmed. It is always a good idea to back up important data before performing sensitive disk operations. }}


Here is how to install '''GnomeBaker''' using '''Add/Remove Software''' in the Gnome Desktop Environment.
{{Admon/note | Unusual USB Media | In a few cases with oddly formatted or partitioned USB media, the image writing may fail. }}


Click ''System > Administration > Add/Remove Software''. This will open the '''Add/Remove Software''' application.
'''USB Image Creation in Windows'''
*Download the Windows liveusb-creator program at http://fedorahosted.org/liveusb-creator.  
*Follow the instructions given at the site and in the '''liveusb-creator''' program to create the bootable USB media.  
   
   
In the '''[Search Box]''' with the binoculars icon, type:
To begin, make sure there is sufficient free space available on the USB media. There is no need to repartition or reformat your media. It is always a good idea to back up important data before performing sensitive disk operations.
<pre>gnomebaker
</pre>


Next, click the '''[Find]''' button. The message "Querying" appears in the lower left corner.  
USB media often comes in the form of flash devices sometimes called pen drives, thumb disks, or keys; or as an externally connected hard disk device. Almost all media of this type is formatted as a vfat file system. You can create bootable USB media on media formatted as ext2, ext3, or vfat.


Tick the box next to GnomeBaker. The message "Downloading repository information" appears in the lower left corner. The window area below the list of packages contains additional information about '''GnomeBaker'''.  
'''USB Image Creation in Fedora'''
 
Select any additional packages to install or remove at this time by changing tick boxes next to the package name.
You can install '''liveusb-creater''' by clicking on ''System > Administration > Add/Remove Software,'' then search for '''liveusb-creator,''' and install.
Or you can install the application from Terminal with the following command:


Finally, click the '''[Apply]''' button. This starts the '''GnomeBaker''' installation process and concurrently installs or removes any additional packages where you modified the tick box. Follow any prompts to install additional packages.
<pre># yum install liveusb-creator
</pre>


To open '''liveusb-creator''' click on ''Applications > System Tools > liveusb-creator.''
* Enter your password.
* You have the option to ''Use existing Live CD,'' which allows you to choose an <code>.iso</code> file from your computer, or ''Download Fedora'' where you can choose a file from the ''drop-down menu''.
* You can select your ''Target Device'', such as your USB memory stick, to write the file to.
* The application also has an option to select how much ''Persistent Storage'' you want.
* After you have made all of your choices just press the '''[Create Live USB]''' button to start the process.


'''GnomeBaker''' is now installed on your computer.
Visit the [http://fedorahosted.org/liveusb-creator/ ''liveusb-creater web page''] for more information.


Another option to create a USB Image is:


Another way to install the '''GnomeBaker''' application is to use the command line.  
{{Admon/important|Advanced Usage|This content is written for the more advanced user.  It assumes that you are comfortable with the command line and have a relatively good knowledge of Linux terminology.  It is probably not necessary to using Fedora as a desktop user, but can help a desktop user expand his or her knowledge base and face more complicated troubleshooting issues.}}


Click ''Applications > System Tools> Terminal'' to open the command line.
* Install the ''livecd-tools package'' on your system with the following command:


Type: 


<pre>su -c 'yum install gnomebaker'
<pre> su -c 'yum -y install livecd-tools'
</pre>
</pre>
 


You will be prompted for the computer's root password. Type in the root password and press 'Enter'. You will not see the password as you type. The terminal will start giving information about the application, and end with <code>Is this ok [y/N]:</code>.  
* Plug in your USB media.


Type: <pre> y</pre>
* Find the device name for your USB media. If the media has a volume name, look up the name in ''/dev/disk/by-label,'' or use the ''findfs'':


The terminal downloads the necessary files and completes the installation of '''GnomeBaker'''.
<pre>su -c 'findfs LABEL="MyLabel"'
</pre>




After you install '''K3b''' using one of the methods described above, launch the program by clicking  ''Applications > Sound and Video > CD/DVD Writer''.
* If the media does not have a ''volume name,'' or you do not know it, consult the ''/var/log/messages log'' for details:
<pre>su -c 'less /var/log/messages'
</pre>


{| border="1"
|-
|[[Image:Docs_Drafts_DesktopUserGuide_Media_gnomebaker-32.png]]||This is the default icon associated with '''GnomeBaker'''.
|}


* Use the livecd-iso-to-disk command to write the ISO image to the media:
<pre>su -c 'livecd-iso-to-disk the_image.iso /dev/sdX1'
</pre>


In '''GnomeBaker''' there are three primary 3 buttons in the bottom pane of the programs window:
Replace sdX1 with the device name for the partition on the USB media. Most flash drives and external hard disks use only one partition. If you have changed this behavior or have oddly partitioned media, you may need to consult other sources of help.
 
{|
|-
|[[Image:Docs_Drafts_DesktopUserGuide_Media_gnomebaker-data-dvd.png]]||'''Data DVD''' Use this to burn files and folders to a DVD .
|-
|[[Image:Docs_Drafts_DesktopUserGuide_Media_gnomebaker-data-cd.png]]||'''Data CD''' Use this to burn files and folders to a CD.
|-
|[[Image:Docs_Drafts_DesktopUserGuide_Media_gnomebaker-audio-cd.png]]||'''Audio CD''' Use this to create an audio CD.
|}
 
* To burn a specific file to a CD click the '''Data CD''' action button, and then drag and drop the file from the top pane into the right hand side of the bottom pane. Entire folders can also be dragged and dropped.  Click the burn button to burn the files or folders to the disc.
* Burning an ISO image file such as the Fedora 9 DVD installation image is done through the ''Tools > Burn DVD Image'' menu.  If the <code>.iso</code> file is for a CD, choose ''Burn CD Image''.  Navigate to the image, select it, and click the ''OK'' button.  Click the ''Start'' button in the next window to confirm burning your disc image.


{|
{|

Latest revision as of 13:46, 9 July 2009


Media Basics

When you connect a medium, such as a CD, DVD, hard drive, or flash drive to your computer, Fedora automatically recognizes it and makes it available for use. This process is called mounting the drive. An icon is placed on your desktop and in the Places menu in GNOME. On the KDE desktop, an icon is placed in the bottom panel next to the workspace switcher. Additionally, the medium's icon is placed to the left of the file display window in Kickoff Application Launcher > File Manager.

You should unmount a medium before physically removing it from your computer. To do this in GNOME, right-click on the device's icon and select Unmount Volume or Eject, depending on what type of media you are using. During this process any remaining changes to the data on the media is written to the device, allowing for its safe removal without data loss. Removing the medium without first unmounting could cause data to be corrupted; if this is the case, you will not be able to recover your data in the future.

There are several multimedia applications available for the Fedora desktop. These applications will run in most desktop environments, including GNOME and KDE. To install the software packages listed on this page which not already installed on your computer, please read the chapter on managing software. You can install applications by either using the PackageKit application or on the command line by using Yum.

To begin, make sure there is sufficient free space available on the USB media. There is no need to repartition or reformat your media. It is always a good idea to back up important data before performing sensitive disk operations.

ISO Image

An ISO image is an archive file, also known as a disk image of an optical disc, in a format defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Iso image files typically have an .iso extension. The name iso is taken from the ISO 9660 file system used with CD-ROM media, but an iso image can also contain Universal Disk Format (UDF) file system because UDF is backward-compatible with ISO 9660. an ISO image includes all the data of files contained on the archived CD/DVD. They are stored in an uncompressed format.

In addition to data of the files it also contains all the file system metadata, including boot code, structures, and attributes. ISO images do not support multi-track, thus they cannot be used for audio CDs, VCD, and hybrid audio CDs.

Writing CDs or DVDs

Fedora includes support for writing to CDs and DVDs. This means that you can permanently burn files to the CD/DVD for backup, file transport, or any other reason.

Note.png
Required Hardware
Not all optical drives (CD or DVD drives) are equipped to burn new media. An easy way to check whether that you can burn optical media is to look at the front of your disc drive. It should indicate the drive's capabilities. You can also look up the model of your drive online. An even easier way is to simply try burning a disc; chances are, if you can't select the option for burning discs, it's not a problem with Fedora; your drive simply does not support this operation.

Using CD/DVD Creator to Burn Media in GNOME

Cd-dvd-creator.png CD/DVD Creator burns CDs and DVDs.

  1. To open Select Places > CD/DVD Creator.

To create a data disc:

  • Drag the files and folders, that you want to write to CD or DVD, to the CD/DVD Creator folder.
  • Insert a writeable CD or DVD into your writer device. Doing this step first usually opens the CD/DVD Creator automatically. If not, you can configure the CD/DVD Creator to open automatically by going to System > Preferences > Hardware > Multimedia Systems Selector > and on the Audio and Video tabs select Autodetect from the drop-down menu.
  • Click the [Write to Disc] button, or choose File > Write to CD/DVD.
  • Here you can choose write to your CD/DVD or to a File Image. An image file (ISO) is a normal file that will be saved to your computer and you can write to a CD later.
  • To write a disc image to a CD/DVD, right-click on the Disc Image File, then choose Open with CD/DVD Creator from the popup menu. When you burn a a disc image the Disc name and Write speed are not available.
  • If you are copying regular data you can type a name for your CD/DVD in the Disc name window and select a Write speed from the drop-down under Write Options. You will also see the size of your data that will be written to the disc.
  • Press the [Write] button to burn your data to the CD/DVD.

To make a copy of a CD or DVD:

  • Insert the disc you want to copy.
  • Choose Places > CD/DVD Creator from the top panel menu bar.
  • Right-click on the CD icon, and choose Copy Disc.
  • Follow the Write to Disc dialogue as above.

If you have only one write drive the program will first create a file on your computer. The original disk will be ejected, and ask you to change it for a blank disk to copy on.

The Help manual can be accessed by pressing the [F1] key or clicking Help > Contents on the top menu bar.

Using K3b to Burn Media in KDE

Docs Drafts DesktopUserGuide Media k3b.png K3b is not installed by default from the Live-CD or the DVD. If you do not have access to the Internet, you can use the Fedora DVD to install K3b. After you install K3b, using one of the methods described above, launch the program by clicking the Kickoff Application Launcher > Applications > Multimedia > K3b. When the application opens the action buttons are displayed at the bottom of the window:

File:Docs Drafts DesktopUserGuide Media k3baudiocd.png To create a New Audio CD Project
File:Docs Drafts DesktopUserGuide Media k3bdatacd.png To create a New Data CD Project
File:Docs Drafts DesktopUserGuide Media k3bdatadvd.png To create a New Data DVD Project
File:Docs Drafts DesktopUserGuide Media k3bcopycd.png To Copy a CD
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Adding Files
To add files to your K3b project, drag the files into the project pane at the bottom of the screen. Everything in this project pane will be burned to your optical medium.
  • When you are ready to burn the files or folders to disk click the [Burn] button.
  • To burn an ISO image file, use the Tools > Burn DVD ISO Image.
  • Navigate to and select the .iso image, then click the [Start] button.

Using GnomeBaker in Gnome

Docs Drafts DesktopUserGuide Media gnomebaker-48.png GnomeBaker is not installed by default from the Live-CD or the DVD. If you do not have access to the Internet, you can use the Fedora DVD to install GnomeBaker. Launch the program by clicking Applications > Sound and Video > GnomeBaker.

In GnomeBaker there are three primary 3 buttons in the bottom pane of the programs window:

File:Docs Drafts DesktopUserGuide Media gnomebaker-data-dvd.png Data DVD Use this to burn files and folders to a DVD .
File:Docs Drafts DesktopUserGuide Media gnomebaker-data-cd.png Data CD Use this to burn files and folders to a CD.
File:Docs Drafts DesktopUserGuide Media gnomebaker-audio-cd.png Audio CD Use this to create an audio CD.
  • To burn a specific file to a CD, or DVD, click the Data CD, or Data DVD, action button, and then drag and drop the files, or entire folders, from the top pane into the bottom pane. You can also highlight the files, or folders, and click the [+Add] button to add them to the window.
  • To burn an ISO image file select Tools > Burn DVD Image from the top menu.
  • If the .iso file is for a CD, choose Burn CD Image.
  • Navigate to the image, select it, and click the OK button.
  • Click the [Start] button in the next window to confirm burning your disc image.
  • Follow these steps to create an Audio CD.

Making USB Media

A Live image (.iso) can be used in either a Windows or Linux system to make bootable USB media.

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USB Image Writing is Non-destructive
Any existing data on the media is not harmed. It is always a good idea to back up important data before performing sensitive disk operations.
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Unusual USB Media
In a few cases with oddly formatted or partitioned USB media, the image writing may fail.

USB Image Creation in Windows

  • Download the Windows liveusb-creator program at http://fedorahosted.org/liveusb-creator.
  • Follow the instructions given at the site and in the liveusb-creator program to create the bootable USB media.

To begin, make sure there is sufficient free space available on the USB media. There is no need to repartition or reformat your media. It is always a good idea to back up important data before performing sensitive disk operations.

USB media often comes in the form of flash devices sometimes called pen drives, thumb disks, or keys; or as an externally connected hard disk device. Almost all media of this type is formatted as a vfat file system. You can create bootable USB media on media formatted as ext2, ext3, or vfat.

USB Image Creation in Fedora

You can install liveusb-creater by clicking on System > Administration > Add/Remove Software, then search for liveusb-creator, and install. Or you can install the application from Terminal with the following command: 

# yum install liveusb-creator

To open liveusb-creator click on Applications > System Tools > liveusb-creator.

  • Enter your password.
  • You have the option to Use existing Live CD, which allows you to choose an .iso file from your computer, or Download Fedora where you can choose a file from the drop-down menu.
  • You can select your Target Device, such as your USB memory stick, to write the file to.
  • The application also has an option to select how much Persistent Storage you want.
  • After you have made all of your choices just press the [Create Live USB] button to start the process.

Visit the liveusb-creater web page for more information.

Another option to create a USB Image is:

Important.png
Advanced Usage
This content is written for the more advanced user. It assumes that you are comfortable with the command line and have a relatively good knowledge of Linux terminology. It is probably not necessary to using Fedora as a desktop user, but can help a desktop user expand his or her knowledge base and face more complicated troubleshooting issues.
  • Install the livecd-tools package on your system with the following command:


 su -c 'yum -y install livecd-tools'


  • Plug in your USB media.
  • Find the device name for your USB media. If the media has a volume name, look up the name in /dev/disk/by-label, or use the findfs:
su -c 'findfs LABEL="MyLabel"'


  • If the media does not have a volume name, or you do not know it, consult the /var/log/messages log for details:
su -c 'less /var/log/messages'


  • Use the livecd-iso-to-disk command to write the ISO image to the media:
su -c 'livecd-iso-to-disk the_image.iso /dev/sdX1'

Replace sdX1 with the device name for the partition on the USB media. Most flash drives and external hard disks use only one partition. If you have changed this behavior or have oddly partitioned media, you may need to consult other sources of help.

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