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<!-- If you notice any problems Ubuntu converts have with Fedora because it doesn't work like Ubuntu, please add them here! -->
<!-- If you notice any problems Ubuntu converts have with Fedora because it doesn't work like Ubuntu, please add them here! -->


= Introduction to Fedora for Ubuntu users =
= Introduction to Fedora for Ubuntu users =
Although looking familiar, Fedora does some things different than Ubuntu. This page tries to explain the major differences to Ubuntu in day-to-day use and introduce former Ubuntu users to the Fedora tools.
Although looking familiar, Fedora does some things differently to Ubuntu. This page tries to explain the major differences to Ubuntu in day-to-day use and to introduce former Ubuntu users to the Fedora tools.






== The root account ==
== The root account ==
The biggest difference for users coming from Ubuntu to Fedora is that '''sudo''' does not work.
The biggest difference for users coming from Ubuntu to Fedora is that the <code>root</code> account is the account for the system admin. This account is disabled in Ubuntu. In Ubuntu, you perform actions that require <code>root</code> privileges using '''sudo''', while in Fedora, '''sudo''' is not the default method of gaining administrative permissions. In Fedora, <code>root</code> access can be gained with
The <code>root</code> account is the account for the system admin. This account is disabled in Ubuntu. In Ubuntu, you perform actions that require <code>root</code> privileges using '''sudo'''.
In Fedora, <code>root</code> access can be gained with
<pre>su</pre>
<pre>su</pre>
'''su''' will ask for your <code>root</code> password, not your regular user password. The <code>root</code> password is the password you entered while installing, not the password you entered when creating a user account after your first boot.
'''su''' will ask for your <code>root</code> password, not your regular user password. The <code>root</code> password is the password you entered while installing, not the password you entered when creating a user account after your first boot.
After you logged in successfully as <code>root</code>, you have administrative rights as long as you close the terminal or log out with <pre>exit</pre>
{{admon/tip|Using sudo|If you want to use sudo anyway, have a look at [[Configuring_Sudo]]}}


After you logged in successfully as <code>root</code>, you have administrative rights ending when you close the terminal or log out with <pre>exit</pre>


{{admon/tip|Using sudo|If you want to use sudo anyway, have a look at the [[Configuring_Sudo| Configuring Sudo]] article.}}


== Package Management ==
== Package Management ==
Fedora uses different tools for package management than Ubuntu. Here is a quick overview how to accomplish common tasks in Fedora:
Fedora uses different tools for package management to Ubuntu. Here is a quick overview of how to accomplish common tasks in Fedora:


{|  
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"
! Ubuntu command !! Fedora command !! Notes
! Ubuntu command !! Fedora command !! Notes
|-
|-
| apt-get update || dnf check-update || You don't need to do this as dnf updates its cache automatically before performing transactions
| apt update || dnf check-update || You don't need to do this as dnf updates its cache automatically before performing transactions
|-
|-
| apt-get upgrade || yum dnf || -
| apt upgrade || dnf upgrade || -
|-
|-
| apt-get dist-upgrade || dnf system-upgrade || Distro upgrades with dnf are possible as of Fedora 22+, see [[DNF system upgrade]] for more information
| apt dist-upgrade || dnf system-upgrade || Distro upgrades with dnf are possible as of Fedora 22+, refer to [[DNF system upgrade]] for more information
|-
|-
| apt-get install || dnf install || -
| apt install || dnf install || -
|-
|-
| apt-get remove || dnf remove || -
| apt remove || dnf remove || -
|-
|-
| apt-get purge || N/A || -
| apt purge || N/A || -
|-
|-
| apt-cache search || dnf search || -
| apt-cache search || dnf search || -
Line 41: Line 41:
=== Updating software ===
=== Updating software ===
If you want to keep your system updated, the PackageKit update applet will help you. It will notify you about updated packages and security updates. Its settings can be changed at ''System > Preferences > Software Updates''. If you want to update your system manually, open the ''GNOME Software'' application or run
If you want to keep your system updated, the PackageKit update applet will help you. It will notify you about updated packages and security updates. Its settings can be changed at ''System > Preferences > Software Updates''. If you want to update your system manually, open the ''GNOME Software'' application or run
<pre>dnf update</pre> as <code>root</code>.
<pre>dnf upgrade</pre> as <code>root</code>.


=== Installing / Removing software ===
=== Installing / Removing software ===
If you want to install or remove software, open the ''GNOME Software'' application. To install or uninstall packages, hit their ''Install'' or ''Uninstall'' boxes.
If you want to install or remove software, open the ''GNOME Software'' application. To install or uninstall packages, click the ''Install'' or ''Remove'' boxes.
 
To install packages on the command line, simply type:
For installing packages on the command line, simply type:
<pre>dnf install package1 package2 package3</pre>
<pre>dnf install package1 package2 package3</pre>


For removing packages:
To remove packages:
<pre>dnf remove package2</pre>
<pre>dnf remove package2</pre>


==== dnf shell ====
==== dnf shell ====  
If you want to add and remove packages at the same time, or trigger mass transactions, like updating your system, then installing <code>firefox</code> and <code>emesene</code>, and then removing <code>pidgin</code>, you can use the dnf shell.


Open the yum shell (as <code>root</code>) with:
Open the dnf shell (as <code>root</code>) with:
<pre>yum shell</pre>
<pre>dnf shell</pre>


Once inside the shell, you can type dnf commands directly, such as:
Once inside the shell, you can type dnf commands directly, such as:
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</pre>
</pre>


You can use any valid dnf command in the dnf shell. To see what it will do, type <pre>transaction list</pre>
You can use any valid dnf command in the dnf shell. To see what it will do, type:
<pre>transaction list</pre>


To accept the changes, type <pre>transaction run</pre>.
To accept the changes, type:
<pre>transaction run</pre>


For more information about the dnf shell, have a look at the dnf-shell manual page.
For more information about the dnf shell, have a look at the dnf-shell manual page.
<pre>man dnf-shell</pre>
<pre>man dnf-shell</pre>


=== Searching software ===
=== Searching software ===
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These repositories can easily be enabled by typing (as <code>root</code>):
These repositories can easily be enabled by typing (as <code>root</code>):
<pre>su -c 'rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm'</pre>
{{admon/important|RPMFusion and the law|Using software from RPMFusion may be illegal in your country.}}
=== Using apt anyway ===
If you still like apt better than dnf, you can also use apt on Fedora. Install apt with the following command:
<pre>dnf install apt</pre>
Note that apt won't be able to access the RPMFusion repositories. After that, you can use apt-get as usual (don't forget to log in as <code>root</code>).


<pre>
dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
</pre>


{{admon/important|RPMFusion and the law|Using software from RPMFusion may be illegal in your country.}}


== Life cycle ==
== Life cycle ==
Unlike Ubuntu's 18 months, Fedora only offers 13 months of updates per release. That means that you have to upgrade to the latest Fedora at least every second release. Fedora also doesn't offer a LTS version. Regular Fedora releases happen every six months, but be sure that you're able to at least upgrade your system every 13 months. If you want to know when the next Fedora is going to be released, have a look at the [[Releases/Schedule| Release Schedule]].
Unlike Ubuntu's 9 months (5 years for LTS releases), Fedora offers 13 months of updates per release. That means that you have to upgrade to the latest Fedora at least every second release. Fedora also doesn't offer a LTS version – for that head to our sister project [https://www.centos.org/ CentOS]. Regular Fedora releases happen every six months, but be sure that you're able to at least upgrade your system every 13 months. If you want to know when the next Fedora is going to be released, have a look at the [[Releases/Schedule| Release Schedule]].
 


[[Category:Introduction to Fedora for Ubuntu users]]
[[Category:Introduction to Fedora for Ubuntu users]]

Latest revision as of 20:34, 8 January 2023

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Introduction to Fedora for Ubuntu users

Although looking familiar, Fedora does some things differently to Ubuntu. This page tries to explain the major differences to Ubuntu in day-to-day use and to introduce former Ubuntu users to the Fedora tools.


The root account

The biggest difference for users coming from Ubuntu to Fedora is that the root account is the account for the system admin. This account is disabled in Ubuntu. In Ubuntu, you perform actions that require root privileges using sudo, while in Fedora, sudo is not the default method of gaining administrative permissions. In Fedora, root access can be gained with

su

su will ask for your root password, not your regular user password. The root password is the password you entered while installing, not the password you entered when creating a user account after your first boot.

After you logged in successfully as root, you have administrative rights ending when you close the terminal or log out with

exit
Using sudo
If you want to use sudo anyway, have a look at the Configuring Sudo article.

Package Management

Fedora uses different tools for package management to Ubuntu. Here is a quick overview of how to accomplish common tasks in Fedora:

Ubuntu command Fedora command Notes
apt update dnf check-update You don't need to do this as dnf updates its cache automatically before performing transactions
apt upgrade dnf upgrade -
apt dist-upgrade dnf system-upgrade Distro upgrades with dnf are possible as of Fedora 22+, refer to DNF system upgrade for more information
apt install dnf install -
apt remove dnf remove -
apt purge N/A -
apt-cache search dnf search -

Updating software

If you want to keep your system updated, the PackageKit update applet will help you. It will notify you about updated packages and security updates. Its settings can be changed at System > Preferences > Software Updates. If you want to update your system manually, open the GNOME Software application or run

dnf upgrade

as root.

Installing / Removing software

If you want to install or remove software, open the GNOME Software application. To install or uninstall packages, click the Install or Remove boxes. To install packages on the command line, simply type:

dnf install package1 package2 package3

To remove packages:

dnf remove package2

dnf shell

Open the dnf shell (as root) with:

dnf shell

Once inside the shell, you can type dnf commands directly, such as:

update
install firefox emesene
remove pidgin
transaction run

You can use any valid dnf command in the dnf shell. To see what it will do, type:

transaction list

To accept the changes, type:

transaction run

For more information about the dnf shell, have a look at the dnf-shell manual page.

man dnf-shell

Searching software

You can search software in the graphical GNOME Software application by entering search terms in the search box or on the command line by typing

dnf search searchterm1 searchterm2


Getting the restricted stuff

If you are looking for the equivalent of the Ubuntu restricted and multiverse repositories, that include patented and closed-source technologies and programs, consider enabling the RPMFusion repository. free is the equivalent of universe and contains potentially patent-encumbered software like gstreamer-plugins-bad or the VLC media player , while nonfree includes non-free software like proprietary 3D graphics drivers.

These repositories can easily be enabled by typing (as root):

dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
RPMFusion and the law
Using software from RPMFusion may be illegal in your country.

Life cycle

Unlike Ubuntu's 9 months (5 years for LTS releases), Fedora offers 13 months of updates per release. That means that you have to upgrade to the latest Fedora at least every second release. Fedora also doesn't offer a LTS version – for that head to our sister project CentOS. Regular Fedora releases happen every six months, but be sure that you're able to at least upgrade your system every 13 months. If you want to know when the next Fedora is going to be released, have a look at the Release Schedule.