< Architectures | RISC-V
(Created page with "== Why 32-bit Linux? == The motivation for using a 32-bit Linux kernel is to reduce memory footprint and meet the small capacity of DDR & cache requirement .(e.g., 64/128MB SIP SoC). The size of ilp32's long & pointer is just half of lp64's (rv64 default abi - longs and pointers are all 64-bit). This significant difference in data type causes different memory & cache footprint costs. Here is the comparison measurement between s32ilp32, s64ilp32, and s64lp64 in the same...") |
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= | {{lang|en|zh-cn|page=Architectures/RISC-V/64ILP32}} | ||
The | == what is rv64ilp32? == | ||
The advancement of AIoT technology has driven the demand for higher computing power in Microcontrollers (MCU) and Application Processors (AP), highlighting the limitations of the 32-bit architecture. Memory access and atomic operation instructions are challenging to meet the requirements of modern systems, leading to a transition towards a 64-bit architecture. This transition faces challenges: running 32-bit software on 64-bit hardware affects performance due to the mismatch in pointer and register widths. To address this issue, the Xuantie team of DAMO Academy of Alibaba proposed the Relaxed-Addressing Mode and, in collaboration with the PLCT Lab of Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences , released the industry's first RISC-V new 32-bit product-grade open-source toolchain (rv64ilp32 toolchain), designed specifically for firmware, RTOS, and the Linux kernel, optimizing performance and cost. The new 32-bit Linux kernel significantly surpasses traditional solutions in performance, with a 300% improvement in ebpf performance and a 17% increase in iperf-tcp. | |||
The | The Fedora community has a rich software ecosystem for RISC-V, and compared to traditional 64-bit solutions, the new 32-bit builds can save 39% of memory. This advantage makes Fedora RISC-V more widely applicable in the embedded system. Seeing the potential of the new 32-bit, we initiated the new 32-bit Fedora Remix project, which can now run on the k230 development board: | ||
== | [[File:K230.jpg|thumb]] | ||
== Quick Start == | |||
CanMV-K230 Fedora Firmware download: | |||
[Release 2024.03.03-128m · ruyisdk/mkimg-k230-rv64ilp32](https://github.com/ruyisdk/mkimg-k230-rv64ilp32/releases/tag/2024.03.03-128m) | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
- rv64-canmv-rv64 (s64lp64+u64lp64) | |||
- rv32-canmv-rv64 (s64lp64+u32ilp32) | |||
- rv32-canmv-rv64ilp32 (s64ilp64 + u32ilp32) | |||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Below is a comparison of memory overhead for different versions (compared to the traditional 64-bit k230, the new 32-bit Linux avoids 39% of memory overhead): | |||
s64lp64 + u64lp64: | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
- free -h | |||
- total used free shared buff/cache available | |||
- Mem: 107Mi 39Mi 15Mi 1.0Mi 52Mi 53Mi | |||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
s64lp64 + u32ilp32: | |||
<pre> | |||
free -h | |||
total used free shared buff/cache available | |||
Mem: 107Mi 33Mi 31Mi 1.0Mi 41Mi 67Mi | |||
</pre> | |||
s64ilp32 + u32ilp32: | |||
<pre> | |||
free -h | |||
total used free shared buff/cache available | |||
Mem: 108Mi 28Mi 41Mi 1.0Mi 38Mi 73Mi | |||
</pre> | |||
(used: 39MB -> 33MB -> 28MB, Prevent 39% memory waste in s64ilp32 + u32ilp32 | |||
== flash firmware == | |||
decompress zst file | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
zstd -d k230-sdcard-fedora_rv32-canmv-rv64ilp32.img.zst | |||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Below is a comparison of memory overhead for different versions (compared to the traditional 64-bit k230, the new 32-bit Linux avoids 39% of memory overhead): | |||
<pre> | |||
wipefs -a /dev/sdb | |||
dd if=k230-sdcard-fedora_rv32-canmv-rv64ilp32.img of=/dev/sdb bs=1M status=progress | |||
sync | |||
eject | |||
</pre> | |||
== Build Linux kernel == | |||
getting toolchain : https://github.com/ruyisdk/riscv-gnu-toolchain-rv64ilp32 | |||
geting Linux kernel： | |||
<pre> | |||
git clone https://github.com/ruyisdk/k230-rv64ilp32-linux-kernel.git -b k230-6.6-ilp32-128M --depth=1 | |||
cd k230-rv64ilp32-linux-kernel | |||
</pre> | |||
build the traditional s64lp64 Linux kernel： | |||
<pre> | |||
make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=<YOUR PATH>/riscv/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf- k230_evb_linux_enable_vector_defconfig all | |||
</pre> | |||
To build a new 32-bit Linux, you only need to append a 64ilp32.config fragment.： | |||
<pre> | |||
make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=<YOUR PATH>/riscv/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf- k230_evb_linux_enable_vector_defconfig 64ilp32.config all | |||
</pre> | |||
Latest revision as of 03:57, 6 March 2024
what is rv64ilp32?
The advancement of AIoT technology has driven the demand for higher computing power in Microcontrollers (MCU) and Application Processors (AP), highlighting the limitations of the 32-bit architecture. Memory access and atomic operation instructions are challenging to meet the requirements of modern systems, leading to a transition towards a 64-bit architecture. This transition faces challenges: running 32-bit software on 64-bit hardware affects performance due to the mismatch in pointer and register widths. To address this issue, the Xuantie team of DAMO Academy of Alibaba proposed the Relaxed-Addressing Mode and, in collaboration with the PLCT Lab of Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences , released the industry's first RISC-V new 32-bit product-grade open-source toolchain (rv64ilp32 toolchain), designed specifically for firmware, RTOS, and the Linux kernel, optimizing performance and cost. The new 32-bit Linux kernel significantly surpasses traditional solutions in performance, with a 300% improvement in ebpf performance and a 17% increase in iperf-tcp.
The Fedora community has a rich software ecosystem for RISC-V, and compared to traditional 64-bit solutions, the new 32-bit builds can save 39% of memory. This advantage makes Fedora RISC-V more widely applicable in the embedded system. Seeing the potential of the new 32-bit, we initiated the new 32-bit Fedora Remix project, which can now run on the k230 development board:
Quick Start
CanMV-K230 Fedora Firmware download:
[Release 2024.03.03-128m · ruyisdk/mkimg-k230-rv64ilp32](https://github.com/ruyisdk/mkimg-k230-rv64ilp32/releases/tag/2024.03.03-128m)
- rv64-canmv-rv64 (s64lp64+u64lp64) - rv32-canmv-rv64 (s64lp64+u32ilp32) - rv32-canmv-rv64ilp32 (s64ilp64 + u32ilp32)
Below is a comparison of memory overhead for different versions (compared to the traditional 64-bit k230, the new 32-bit Linux avoids 39% of memory overhead):
s64lp64 + u64lp64:
- free -h - total used free shared buff/cache available - Mem: 107Mi 39Mi 15Mi 1.0Mi 52Mi 53Mi
s64lp64 + u32ilp32:
free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 107Mi 33Mi 31Mi 1.0Mi 41Mi 67Mi
s64ilp32 + u32ilp32:
free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 108Mi 28Mi 41Mi 1.0Mi 38Mi 73Mi
(used: 39MB -> 33MB -> 28MB, Prevent 39% memory waste in s64ilp32 + u32ilp32
flash firmware
decompress zst file
zstd -d k230-sdcard-fedora_rv32-canmv-rv64ilp32.img.zst
Below is a comparison of memory overhead for different versions (compared to the traditional 64-bit k230, the new 32-bit Linux avoids 39% of memory overhead):
wipefs -a /dev/sdb dd if=k230-sdcard-fedora_rv32-canmv-rv64ilp32.img of=/dev/sdb bs=1M status=progress sync eject
Build Linux kernel
getting toolchain : https://github.com/ruyisdk/riscv-gnu-toolchain-rv64ilp32
geting Linux kernel：
git clone https://github.com/ruyisdk/k230-rv64ilp32-linux-kernel.git -b k230-6.6-ilp32-128M --depth=1 cd k230-rv64ilp32-linux-kernel
build the traditional s64lp64 Linux kernel：
make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=<YOUR PATH>/riscv/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf- k230_evb_linux_enable_vector_defconfig all
To build a new 32-bit Linux, you only need to append a 64ilp32.config fragment.：
make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=<YOUR PATH>/riscv/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf- k230_evb_linux_enable_vector_defconfig 64ilp32.config all